Pfizer has said its experimental antiviral pill for Covid-19 cut rates of hospital admission and death by nearly 90%.

It comes as the pharmaceutical company joins the race to bring the first easy-to-use medication against coronavirus to the US market.

Currently all Covid-19 treatments used in the US require an IV or injection.

Competitor Merck’s Covid-19 pill is already under review at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after showing strong initial results, and on Thursday the United Kingdom became the first country to OK it.

Pfizer said it will ask the FDA and international regulators to authorise its pill as soon as possible, after independent experts recommended halting the company’s study based on the strength of its results.

Once Pfizer applies, the FDA could make a decision within weeks or months.

If authorised, the company would sell the drug under the brand name Paxlovid.

Researchers worldwide have been racing to find a pill against Covid-19 that can be taken at home to ease symptoms, speed recovery and reduce the crushing burden on hospitals and doctors.

Pfizer released preliminary results on Friday of its study of 775 adults.

Patients taking the company’s drug along with another antiviral had an 89% reduction in their combined rate of hospital admission or death after a month, compared with patients taking a dummy pill.

Fewer than 1% of patients taking the drug needed to be admitted to hospital and no-one died.

In the comparison group, 7% were admitted to hospital and there were seven deaths.

People wait to be vaccinated against Covid-19 in Zagreb, Croatia
People wait to be vaccinated against Covid-19 in Zagreb, Croatia (Darko Bandic/AP)

“We were hoping that we had something extraordinary, but it’s rare that you see great drugs come through with almost 90% efficacy and 100% protection for death,” said Dr Mikael Dolsten, Pfizer’s chief scientific officer, in an interview.

Study participants were unvaccinated, with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, and were considered high risk for hospital admission due to health problems such as obesity, diabetes or heart disease.

Treatment began within three to five days of initial symptoms, and lasted for five days.

Pfizer reported few details on side effects but said rates of problems were similar between the groups at about 20%.

An independent group of medical experts monitoring the trial recommended stopping it early, standard procedure when interim results show such a clear benefit.

The data has not yet been published for outside review, the normal process for vetting new medical research.

Top US health officials continue to stress that vaccination will remain the best way to protect against infection.

But with tens of millions of adults still unvaccinated – and many more globally – effective, easy-to-use treatments will be critical to curbing future waves of infections.

Pedestrians some of them wearing face masks to protect against coronavirus, cross a road at the main Athens’ Syntagma square, Greece
Pedestrians, some of them wearing face coverings, cross a road near Athens’ Syntagma square, Greece (Thanassis Stavrakis/AP)

The FDA has set a public meeting later this month to review Merck’s pill, known as molnupiravir.

The company reported in September that its drug cut rates of hospital admission and death by 50%.

Experts warn against comparing preliminary results because of differences in studies.

Although Merck’s pill is further along in the US regulatory process, Pfizer’s drug could benefit from a safety profile that is more familiar to regulators with fewer red flags.

While pregnant women were excluded from the Merck trial due to a potential risk of birth defects, Pfizer’s drug did not have any similar restrictions.

The Merck drug works by interfering with the coronavirus’s genetic code, a novel approach to disrupting the virus.

Pfizer’s drug is part of a decades-old family of antiviral drugs known as protease inhibitors, which revolutionised the treatment of HIV and hepatitis C.

People wearing face masks walk past near a money exchange office in downtown Seoul, South Korea
People wearing face masks walk past a money exchange office in Seoul, South Korea (Lee Jin-man/AP)

The drugs block a key enzyme which viruses need to multiply in the human body.

The drug was first identified during the Sars outbreak originating in Asia during 2003.

Last year, company researchers decided to revive the medication and study it for Covid-19, given the similarities between the two coronaviruses.

The US has approved one other antiviral drug for Covid-19, remdesivir, and authorised three antibody therapies that help the immune system fight the virus.

But they have to be given by IV or injection at hospitals or clinics, and limited supplies were strained by the last surge of the Delta variant.

Shares of Pfizer spiked more than 9% before the opening bell on Friday.